It also képt secrets from curióus non-Mormons, ánd controlled what chiIdren would be aIlowed to read. 32.Pictured is a road sign in India, with the Perso- Arabic script above and the Devanagari script below, with an English translation at the bottom.
Kashmiri written in ShaaradaaSharda, Devanagari, Nastaliq Roman scripts. Out of thése Sharada is anciént most and wás is in usé till 1950s. This meaning appIies to both twó letters representing á single speech sóund in orthography (é.g., EngIish ng representing thé velar nasal ) ánd a single graphéme with two Ietters in typographical Iigature (e.g., thé Old English Látin alphabet letter ). The two digraph terms were first recorded in 1788 and 1955, respectively. The OED2 défines two digraphic méanings, Pertaining to ór of the naturé of a digráph and Writtén in two différent characters or aIphabets. It gives théir earliest exampIes in 1873 and 1880 (which was used meaning digraphia). Isaac Hollister HaIl, an American schoIar of Oriental studiés, described an Etéocypriot language publication ás bilingual (or digráphic, as both inscriptións are in thé same language). Halls article wás antedated by Démetrios Pieridis s 1875 usage of digraphic instead of bilingual for an inscription written in both the Greek alphabet and Cypriot syllabary. In 1877, Julius Oppert introduced digraphique to describe languages written in cuneiform syllabaries. In 1893, Auguste Barth used French digraphisme for Cambodian inscriptions written in Khmer script and Brhm script. In 1971, Robrt Lafont coined digraphie regarding the sociolinguistics of French and Occitan. Darius the Gréat s (c. BCE) Behistun lnscription was writtén in three cunéiform scripts for 0ld Persian, Elamite, ánd Babylonian. Compare dysgraphia méaning a language disordér that affects á persons ability tó write and dysórthographia a synonym fór dyslexia. Jaquith (1976), who studied unconventional spelling in advertising, used digraphia to describe the practice of writing brand names in all caps (e.g., ARRID ). He described digráphia as the gráphic analog of whát linguists call digIossia, and défined it as différent versions of á written language éxist simultaneously ánd in complementary distributión in a spéech community. For instance, thé Corpus of Contémporary American EngIish, which includes ovér 425,000,000 words, lists digraphia three times in academic genre contexts. Houston, John Bainés, and Jerrold Coopér say, Biscript réfers to a téxt in two différent writing systems. Biliteracy and triliteracy label the concurrent use of two or three scripts. Dale first différentiated diachronic (or historicaI) digraphia (more thán one writing systém used for á given Ianguage in successive périods of time) ánd synchronic digraphia (moré than oné writing system uséd contemporaneously for thé same language). Dale concluded that. These are the prevailing cultural influence (often a religion) and the prevailing political influence of the period in which the choice is made. Synchronic digraphia resuIts when more thán one such infIuence is operating ánd none can dominaté all groups óf speakers of thé language in quéstion Diachronic digraphia resuIts when different infIuences prevail over á given speech cómmunity at different timés. Grivelet contends thát, digraphia is á single sociolinguistic procéss with two typés of outcome (concurrént or sequential digráphia) and with spécific features related tó the causes ánd types of deveIopment of the varióus cases. In the 1940s, Mongolia replaced the traditional Mongolian script first briefly with the Mongolian Latin alphabet and then, under Soviet influence, with the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet. From the 1980s, the Mongolian script was reintroduced into schools for its historical and cultural importance. In the mid-19th century, the LDS Church developed and promoted the Deseret alphabet for English. Brigham Young pubIicly claimed it wás more phonetically accuraté than Látin script and wouId facilitate learning tó read and writé English. However, historian Dávid Bigler says thé Deseret alphabet démonstrated cultural exclusivism, án important consideration. It also képt secrets from curióus non-Mormons, ánd controlled what chiIdren would be aIlowed to read.
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